http://10.70.15.71/taxonomy/term/23/0 en http://10.70.15.71/butterfly/Callophrys/dumetorum <p>The <a class="glossary-term" href="/glossary/3#term176"><acronym title="the classification of organisms into taxa.">taxonomy</acronym></a> and the limits of <a class="glossary-term" href="/glossary/3#term169"><acronym title="The primary unit of classification below genus under the Linnaean system. For our purposes, groups of interbreeding or potentially interbreeding populations of individuals that share an evolutionary history and ancestry. However, there is significant debate on what exactly constitutes a species and many definitions and concepts have been proposed. The most common of these is the biological species concept, which requires that sets of populations must be able to successfully and regularly interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring.">species</acronym></a> in this complex are up for grabs, with wildly discordant interpretations to be found in the current literature. For purposes of this project the name <i>dumetorum</i> is being used in the usual sense of recent decades, for the low-elevation, inland entity in California. It occurs in <a class="glossary-term" href="/glossary/3#term88"><acronym title="A vegetation type characterized by dense, generally evergreen shrubs that usually experience hot dry summers and cool, wet winters. The lower elevations of many California mountain ranges are covered in chaparral, especially on more exposed, south-facing slopes.">chaparral</acronym></a>, coastal scrub, rocky foothill canyons and lower-<a class="glossary-term" href="/glossary/3#term143"><acronym title="Pertaining to the mountains, especially in between about 3000’ and 7000’ in the Sierra Nevada where conifer forests dominate.">montane</acronym></a> chaparral and rock gardens. It is slightly larger than the higher-altitude entity (with which it is <a class="glossary-term" href="/glossary/3#term174"><acronym title="When two taxa co-occur in the same place. Compare to “Allopatric” above.">sympatric</acronym></a> at Lang!) and less bluish-green below. Males are <a class="glossary-term" href="/glossary/3#term178"><acronym title="The “defense” or regular patrolling behavior of some organisms (including apparently some butterfly species) of certain location. Territoriality in butterflies appears to be “epigamic” in function; females come to the sites where males are. It often occurs only at specific kinds of sites and times of the day, especially in the late afternoon and near dusk. These can range from the size of a small bush in the sunlight in an otherwise dark forest, or an entire stream system. Most territorial behavior in butterflies is done by males, who will chase at almost anything that flies by (including potential enemies like birds and butterfly scientists!). ">territorial</acronym></a> perchers. Occasionally common.</p> <p>Adults fly in spring - March to June according to locality. In the lower foothills there is a possibility of it being double-brooded. It occurs on dredge tailings on the east side of the Sacramento Valley, but spottily. The host plants are Deer Weed (<i>Lotus scoparius</i>, Fabaceae) and various <a class="glossary-term" href="/glossary/3#term152"><acronym title="An organism that persists in the same place for more than one year (at least), especially pertaining to plants that do not sprout, grow, mature, reproduce, and die within one year.">perennial</acronym></a> Wild Buckwheats (<i>Eriogonum</i> species)--an odd pairing, repeated in the Acmon Blue, and suggesting an as-yet-undiagnosed chemical similarity between these plants.</p> <p>Adults visit flowers of Dogbane, Yerba Santa, California Buckeye, Woolly Sunflower, and - at Fair Oaks, Sacramento County - the escaped garden ornamental Red Valerian.</p> Callophrys Sun, 28 May 2006 18:09:39 +0000 admin 31 at http://10.70.15.71 http://10.70.15.71/butterfly/Callophrys/sheridanii_lemberti <p>The correct <a class="glossary-term" href="/glossary/3#term176"><acronym title="the classification of organisms into taxa.">taxonomy</acronym></a> of all our little green hairstreaks is up for grabs. At any rate, this is a high <a class="glossary-term" href="/glossary/3#term143"><acronym title="Pertaining to the mountains, especially in between about 3000’ and 7000’ in the Sierra Nevada where conifer forests dominate.">montane</acronym></a>-to-<a class="glossary-term" href="/glossary/3#term85"><acronym title="Habitats at very high elevations, usually rocky and characterized by a lack of trees and a short growing season. On this transect, the tops of Castle Peak and Basin Peak are classified as alpine.">alpine</acronym></a> animal, found from Lang (where it co-occurs with <i>C. dumetorum</i>) through Donner to Castle Peak and (formerly) Sierra Valley. It flies in very early spring (which can mean July at high elevation!), shortly after snowmelt, typically in subalpine or alpine "rock gardens" in association with various wild buckwheats (<i>Eriogonum</i>) which are its presumed hosts. Adults visit Pussy Paws and other early flowers; males perch territorially, often on shrubs, and also come to mud. Occasionally fairly common. At Donner it occurs only in the montane <a class="glossary-term" href="/glossary/3#term88"><acronym title="A vegetation type characterized by dense, generally evergreen shrubs that usually experience hot dry summers and cool, wet winters. The lower elevations of many California mountain ranges are covered in chaparral, especially on more exposed, south-facing slopes.">chaparral</acronym></a> at the east end of the Pass, usually with <i>Incisalia iroides</i> and <i>mossii</i>, <i>Euchloe hyantis</i> and <i>Hesperia juba</i> at the beginning of the season.</p> Callophrys Sun, 28 May 2006 18:09:38 +0000 admin 32 at http://10.70.15.71