Knowledge Check Solutions
1) Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system - This is the correct answer.
The two fundamental anatomical divisions of the nervous system are the Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord) and the Peripheral Nervous System, which consists of all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
2) Neurons and glial cells - This is the correct answer.
The two major categories of cells found in the nervous system are neurons and glial cells. Neurons are the functional nerve cells directly responsible for transmission of information to and from the CNS to other areas of the body. Glial cells (also known as neuroglia) provide support to the neural tissue, regulate the environment around the neurons, and protect against foreign invaders.
3) A continuous series of opening and closing of sodium-potassium channels and pumps - This is the correct answer.
The propagation of an electrical impulse (action potential) down an axon consists of a continuous series of opening and closing of sodium-potassium channels and pumps. The action potential moves like a wave from one end (dendritic end) to the terminal end of the axon.
4) Motor neuron - This is the correct answer.
Motor Neurons (effector neurons) relay information from the CNS to other organs terminating at the effectors.
5) Anoxia - This is the correct answer.
The most common cause of death of neurons and glial cells is anoxia, an inadequate oxygen supply to the cells or their inability to utilize oxygen.
6) Blockage or interference with movement of sodium and potassium ions in and out of neuron membrane, changing the action potential - This is the correct answer.
Interruption of the propagation of the electrical potential is caused by agents that can block or interfere with the sodium and potassium channels and sodium-potassium pump. This will weaken, slow, or completely interrupt the movement of the electrical potential.
7) Those between two neurons and a neuron and effector - This is the correct answer.
The two basic types of synapses are those between two neurons and those between a neuron and effectors, such as muscle cell or gland. The major difference in the two basic types is that the neurotransmitting chemical between a neuron and muscle cell is acetylcholine whereas there are several other types of neurotransmitting chemicals involved between neurons, depending on where in the nervous system the synapse is located.
1) Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system - This is the correct answer.
The two fundamental anatomical divisions of the nervous system are the Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord) and the Peripheral Nervous System, which consists of all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
2) Neurons and glial cells - This is the correct answer.
The two major categories of cells found in the nervous system are neurons and glial cells. Neurons are the functional nerve cells directly responsible for transmission of information to and from the CNS to other areas of the body. Glial cells (also known as neuroglia) provide support to the neural tissue, regulate the environment around the neurons, and protect against foreign invaders.
3) A continuous series of opening and closing of sodium-potassium channels and pumps - This is the correct answer.
The propagation of an electrical impulse (action potential) down an axon consists of a continuous series of opening and closing of sodium-potassium channels and pumps. The action potential moves like a wave from one end (dendritic end) to the terminal end of the axon.
4) Motor neuron - This is the correct answer.
Motor Neurons (effector neurons) relay information from the CNS to other organs terminating at the effectors.
5) Anoxia - This is the correct answer.
The most common cause of death of neurons and glial cells is anoxia, an inadequate oxygen supply to the cells or their inability to utilize oxygen.
6) Blockage or interference with movement of sodium and potassium ions in and out of neuron membrane, changing the action potential - This is the correct answer.
Interruption of the propagation of the electrical potential is caused by agents that can block or interfere with the sodium and potassium channels and sodium-potassium pump. This will weaken, slow, or completely interrupt the movement of the electrical potential.
7) Those between two neurons and a neuron and effector - This is the correct answer.
The two basic types of synapses are those between two neurons and those between a neuron and effectors, such as muscle cell or gland. The major difference in the two basic types is that the neurotransmitting chemical between a neuron and muscle cell is acetylcholine whereas there are several other types of neurotransmitting chemicals involved between neurons, depending on where in the nervous system the synapse is located.